Soil Cd bioavailability, enrichment in raw/cooked rice, transfer to gastrointestinal tract and human health risk: A comparative study in mining-impacted non-karst and karst areas
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Bi, Jue 1 ; Zhang, Huijuan 1 ; Luo, Ziwen 4 ; Huan, Qin 1 ; Liu, Xue 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Southwest Forestry Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm, Yunnan Key Lab Plateau Wetland Conservat Restorat, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China
2.Natl Wetland Ecosyst Fixed Res Stn Yunnan Dianchi, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China
3.Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Trop & Subtrop Cash Crops, Baoshan 678000, Peoples R China
4.Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Tea, Kunming 650205, Peoples R China
关键词： Rice; Cadmium; Bioavailability; Bioaccessibility; Geochemical high background
期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION （ 影响因子：7.3； 五年影响因子：8.1 ）
ISSN： 0269-7491
年卷期： 2025 年 376 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Hunan and Yunnan are key rice producing provinces in China, both have abundant mineral resources and intensive mining activities. Unlike Hunan, Yunnan is located in karst areas and characterized by geochemically high background concentration of metals. However, the difference of soil pH, Cd content/availability, Cd accumulation/bioaccessibility in rice, and total/bioaccessible Cd-based health risk between areas of non-karst/karst and without/with naturally high background metals is elusive. Therefore, paired soil and rice samples were collected in mining-affected regions in Hunan (n = 25) and Yunnan (n = 44), with unaffected sites (n = 15) as a comparison. Soil pH in karst regions in Yunnan was 1 unit higher than the non-karst Hunan. Besides, the data clearly showed the effect of mining on soil Cd contamination, with soil Cd content in mining-affected regions being 6.64-fold that of unaffected sites (2.99 vs. 0.45 mg kg(-1)). Though Yunnan located in geochemically high background areas, soil Cd content was lower than Hunan (2.99 vs. 3.35 mg kg(-1)), but still 72.0-81.0 % exceeding the national standard. Though with higher pH (6.48 vs. 7.54) and lower total Cd, Yunnan soils showed higher available Cd concentration (1.02 vs. 0.78 mg kg(-1)) and Cd availability (34.7 % vs. 19.3 %), which however, leading to lower Cd accumulation in rice (0.32 vs. 0.41 mg kg(-1)). This suggested that pH value did not drive soil Cd availability and soil available Cd did not drive Cd accumulation in rice grains in the experimental paddy fields. Besides, rinsing and cooking removed 26.0-34.0 % of Cd, but still 39.0-52.0 % of cooked-rice failing national standard and 21.0-44.0 % showing risk (THQ>1). Rice-Cd bioaccessibility was higher in Hunan than Yunnan and gastric (GP) than gastrointestinal phase (GI) (59.9-88.0 % vs. 20.9-36.4 %). However, 7.70 % of GP bioaccessibility >100 %, implying that standard reference materials for bioaccessibility assays should be developed and factors affecting assessment accuracy should be clarified.
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